This mysterious and invisible mass became known as dark matter. In fact, she found that all stars in a galaxy seem to circle the center at more or less the same speed. Vera Rubin, an astronomer at the Carnegie Institution of Washington, observed the speeds of stars at various locations in galaxies.Д«asic Newtonian physics implies that stars on the outskirts of a galaxy would orbit more slowly than stars at the center, but Rubin found no difference in the velocities of stars farther out. In the 1960s and 1970s, astronomers began thinking that there might be more mass in the universe than what is visible.

Lensing Map: NASA/STScI ESO WFI Magellan/U.Arizona/D.Clowe et al.

Optical: NASA/STScI Magellan/U.Arizona/D.Clowe et al. Step 2: The Universe's First Growth Spurt Among other discoveries, WMAP was able to determine the age of the universe - about 13.7 billion years old. In 2001, NASA launched the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) mission to study the conditions as they existed in the early universe by measuring radiation from the cosmic microwave background. This relic of the Big Bang pervades the universe and is visible to microwave detectors, which allows scientists to piece together clues of the early universe. ДЄ key part of this comes from observations of the cosmic microwave background, which contains the afterglow of light and radiation left over from the Big Bang. According to the Big Bang theory, the universe was born as a very hot, very dense, single point in space.Д¬osmologists are unsure what happened before this moment, but with sophisticated space missions, ground-based telescopes and complicated calculations, scientists have been working to paint a clearer picture of the early universe and its formation. Instead, it was the appearance of space everywhere in the universe, researchers have said. The Big Bang was not an explosion in space, as the theory's name might suggest.

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